ALL BRANCHES OF SCIENCE can trace their origins far back into the mists of history, but in most subjects the history is qualified by ‘we now know this was wrong’ or ‘this was along the right lines, but today’s view is different’. For example, the Greek philosopher Aristotle thought that a trotting horse can never be entirely off the ground, which Eadweard Muybridge disproved in 1878 using a line of cameras linked to tripwires. Aristotle’s theories of motion were completely overturned by Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, and his theories of the mind bear no useful relation to modern neuroscience and psychology科学的所有分支都可以追溯到历史的迷雾中，但在大多数学科中，历史都被限定为“我们现在知道这是错误的”或“这是正确的，但今天的观点不同”。例如，希腊哲学家亚里士多德（Aristotle）认为，小跑的马永远不可能完全离开地面，1878年，伊德沃德·梅布里奇（Eadweard Muybridge）用一系列连接到三极线的摄像机反驳了这一观点。亚里士多德的运动理论被伽利略·伽利略和艾萨克·牛顿彻底推翻，他的心智理论与现代神经科学和心理学没有任何有用的联系