In Confidence Culture, Shani Orgad and Rosalind Gill argue that imperatives directed at women to “love your body” and “believe in yourself” imply that psychological blocks rather than entrenched social injustices hold women back. Interrogating the prominence of confidence in contemporary discourse about body image, workplace, relationships, motherhood, and international development, Orgad and Gill draw on Foucault’s notion of technologies of self to demonstrate how “confidence culture” demands of women near-constant introspection and vigilance in the service of self-improvement. They argue that while confidence messaging may feel good, it does not address structural and systemic oppression. Rather, confidence culture suggests that women—along with people of color, the disabled, and other marginalized groups—are responsible for their own conditions. Rejecting confidence culture’s remaking of feminism along individualistic and neoliberal lines, Orgad and Gill explore alternative articulations of feminism that go beyond the confidence imperative.

在《自信文化》中，Shani Orgad和Rosalind Gill认为，针对女性的 "爱你的身体 "和 "相信自己 "的要求，意味着心理障碍而不是根深蒂固的社会不公阻碍了女性。Orgad和Gill质疑自信在当代关于身体形象、工作场所、人际关系、母亲身份和国际发展的话语中的突出地位，他们借鉴福柯的自我技术概念，以证明 "自信文化 "是如何要求妇女在自我完善的过程中不断反省和警惕的。他们认为，虽然自信的信息可能感觉良好，但它并没有解决结构性和系统性的压迫。相反，自信文化表明，妇女--与有色人种、残疾人和其他边缘群体一样--要对自己的状况负责。Orgad和Gill反对自信文化按照个人主义和新自由主义的路线重塑女权主义，他们探讨了超越自信要求的女权主义的替代性表述。