This conference report summarizes the key points and discussions from a session held on October 6, 2021, in place of CIGI and Oliver Wyman’s eighth annual Financial Regulatory Outlook Conference, given continuing travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion was led by Giovanni Tria, a CIGI distinguished fellow, Angelo Federico Arcelli, a CIGI senior fellow and partner in Oliver Wyman, and Andrea Federico, a partner in Oliver Wyman, and included the participation of former ministers, high-level officials, senior central bank executives and private sector representatives. The session focused on the specific challenges for regulation and supervision in the financial ecosystem where new technologies such as blockchain are favouring the introduction of crypto-assets, which, de facto, represent a possible challenge to central banks’ monopoly on monetary supply. This report first discusses the technical background on blockchain technologies, then examines crypto-asset markets and closes with the interconnections with monetary policy.