Since 2009, Eastern Mediterranean energy resources have attracted growing interests because of its vast energy reserves. These energy resources could generate several benefits for the region and beyond. Indeed, they could contribute to improve interconnectivity among countries, which is instrumental to the achievement of energy security, growth and development as well as decarbonisation. To achieve these positive results, countries needs to address and overcome some challenges, such as lack of infrastructure, economic constraints and interstate rivalry. The area could contribute to EU diversification plans as European countries seek to wean themselves off Russian gas. At the same time, it is crucial to broaden the approach to regional energy resources, starting to include also renewables and potentially hydrogen.