In this paper, we examine the impact of sib-ling gender on educational attainment, earn-ings, and family formation for a recent cohort of women in China. Family characteristics such as number of siblings, sibling gender composition, and parents’ characteristics may play an important role in children’s life as the presence of a sibling can affect parents’ treat-ment of the remaining children. Especially male siblings can affect children’s outcome through various pathways as a male sibling may pull parental investment of resources away from girls, because boys may be seen as the “higher return” investment (Becker 1991). We investigate the effect of having a (male) sibling on a daughter by exploiting the change in fertility trend in China induced by the One Child Policy (OCP).