兰德-中国海外军事外交及其对美国利益的影响(英)-2023.1.pdf
The expansion of China’s global interests and the subsequent increase in its overseas security footprint have led the Chinese leadership to elevate the role of military diplomacy in supporting China’s foreign policy objectives, growing the country’s influence overseas, and building a strong military that can conduct and sustain missions around the world. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA’s) development of expeditionary military capabilities required to protect and advance Chinese interests abroad—a mission specifically tasked to the military by the Chinese leadership nearly two decades ago—means that the PLA is now more capable of conducting military diplomacy than in the past.3 China’s military frequently engages in high-level visits and professional military exchanges with counterparts overseas, and the PLA’s growing naval and air capabilities have enabled it to participate in more bilateral and multilateral exercises with partners outside the Indo-Pacific region, conduct maritime patrols and port visits around the world, and provide nontraditional security services, such as counterpiracy operations, peacekeeping operations, noncombatant evacuation operations (NEOs), humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR), and medical assistance.4 This testimony will address the objectives of China’s overseas military diplomacy, how China’s approach has evolved given intensifying U.S.-China strategic competition, ways in which China’s military diplomacy activities could potentially challenge U.S. interests, and recommendations for U.S. policymakers. It will examine the Chinese leadership’s approach to using the PLA’s overseas engagements to further broaden Chinese foreign policy objectives and shape the international environment, analyze how military diplomacy could feature in China’s efforts to gain advantage in the U.S.-China competition outside the Indo-Pacific region, and assess how the PLA’s overseas engagements support its presence and operations abroad, particularly as the military’s expeditionary capabilities grow.
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