This report has been drafted in the context of Target 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals that aims to provide “legal identity for all, including birth registration, by 2030.” Conferring proof of legal identity (via a birth certificate or a ‘foundational’ identity document such as a national ID card) to individuals is crucial in order for them to be recognised as persons before the law, enable them to exercise legal rights, and fully participate in society’s social, political, and economic systems. Providing legal identity to all involves the collection and processing of large quantities of personal data. As privacy continues to be recognised as a crucial human right around the world, the collection and processing of such data must adhere to globally established standards of data protection.