This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) comes at a juncture when Uzbekistan needs to show results for the ransformation path it has chosen. Uzbekistan, already Central Asia’s most populous country, is expected to grow to more than 50 million people by 2050. A young and fast-growing population in need of skills and jobs, together with high reliance on dwindling natural resources, has motivated the pursuit of a transformative new development model. The sweeping reforms initiated by the President in 2016 and now under way, aim to convert Uzbekistan into an upper-middle-income country with a modern, private sector-led economy. Seven years in, policy frameworks are improving, but much remains to be done. Growth has been high, and poverty has fallen sharply, but job creation has been weak. After a first wave of landmark reforms, Uzbekistan must now complete a tougher phase of reforms to deliver lasting change for people, a task made more difficult by the challenge of climate change.