Despite the efforts of the Rwandan government and development partners to ensure food security through programmes such as ‘One cow per poor family’, the Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategies (EDPRS I and II), and National Strategic Transformation (NST1), food security remains a major challenge for Rwanda. According to the Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI et al. 2018), about 18.7 per cent of Rwandan households were food insecure in 2018 (17 per cent moderately, 1.7 per cent severely). With the intention of improving farm yields and food access, the Rwandan government has promoted financial inclusion programmes in recent years to modernize agriculture and improve efficiency and productivity. About 93 per cent of the population have access to formal or informal financial products and services (FinScope 2020). These financial inclusion programmes are expected to improve access to affordable financial services and products (payments, transactions, savings, credit, and insurance) for individuals and businesses and should be delivered responsibly and sustainably (AfDB 2013; Demirguc-Kunt et al. 2018; Singh 2017). The United Nations’ Agenda 2030 recognizes financial inclusion as ‘a powerful enabler to end hunger, achieve food security and enhance nutrition, and promote sustainable development’ (SDG 2) (UNSGSA 2016).In this paper, we explore if financial inclusion leads to increased food security and improved nutrition in rural Rwanda. First, we investigate if financial inclusion leads to improved household consumption expenditure. Second, we examine if financial inclusion improves the nutritional level of diets for rural households in Rwanda. Finally, we inspect if there are significant differences between female-headed and male-headed households.