The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (the CPC) has made it clear that, “the principal tension facing Chinese society is now between uneven and under development and people’s aspiration for a better life”. It is of utmost importance for both researchers and practitioners o fully embrace such a change, what it entails, and clearly identify and understand major strategic issues in finance and economy concerning the nation’s goals and strategies of building a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects, a great modern socialist country, and a modern economic system.中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会明确指出，“中国社会目前面临的主要紧张局势是不平衡和发展不足与人民对更好生活的渴望之间的紧张关系”。对于研究者和实践者来说，最重要的是要充分认识这一变化及其所带来的变化，明确和理解关系到国家全面建设小康社会、社会主义现代化伟大国家的目标和战略的重大财经战略问题，以及现代经济体系。