For a number of digital platforms, a perfect storm is brewing. Commentators and policymakersacross the ideological spectrum and the globe are increasingly calling for governmental efforts torein in the largest platforms, most notably those operated by the “GAFA” firms: Google, Amazon,Facebook, and Apple. Politically progressive voices maintain that the dominant technology firmshurt consumers, laborers, suppliers, and small businesses; contribute to wealth inequality (byearning monopoly profits for their disproportionately rich shareholders); and have amassed excessivepolitical power that undermines democracy.1 Conservatives share some of those concerns,but emphasize most prominently that the firms have become gatekeepers of speech and informationand are biased against traditional moral values.2 In light of these varied concerns, the staffof a prominent congressional subcommittee,3 government officials outside the United States,4 andseveral prominent US research centers5 have called for significant governmental restrictions on