This document was prepared by José Durán Lima, Chief of the Regional Integration Unit of the International and IntegrationTrade Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and Santacruz Banacloche,consultant with same Division. It is based on the findings of studies carried out under the research programme of theRegional Integration Unit, as part of the activities of the projects “Input-Output Tables for Industrial Policy in Latin Americaand the Caribbean” and “Development of value chains for deeper integration between Latin America and Asia-Pacific”,financed by the United Nations Development Account and the Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC)Trust Fund. The project “Fostering sustainable development models in Latin American and Caribbean countries: amultidimensional approach for the post-COVID 19 world” also provided funding for this publication, which forms thetheoretical basis of the value chain analysis carried out for that project.