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IMF-远不止一针强心针:疫苗和消费者支出(英)-2023.4

# 疫苗 # 消费者支出 大小:0.55M | 页数:15 | 上架时间:2023-04-29 | 语言:英文

IMF-远不止一针强心针:疫苗和消费者支出(英)-2023.4.pdf

IMF-远不止一针强心针:疫苗和消费者支出(英)-2023.4.pdf

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类型: 专题

上传者: XR0209

撰写机构: IMF

出版日期: 2023-04-27

摘要:

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and government interventions have reshaped economic activity with abrupt changes in household consumption behavior across the world. This paper provides an empirical investigation of how the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has affected consumer spending at daily frequency using debit and credit card transactions in three European countries. Empirical results show that COVID-19 vaccinations, along with other policy interventions, have mitigated the severe negative impact of the pandemic and boosted consumer spending. First, the vaccination deployment has a statistically and economically significant positive effect on private consumption. Second, other policy responses to the pandemic—designed to contain the spread of the virus and provide support to businesses and households—have significant effects on the amount and composition of debit and credit card transactions. Third, the impact of COVID-19 vaccinations in terms of stimulating consumer spending appears to be more pronounced on contact-intensive sectors such as services than goods.

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